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Step 4 of 7~8 min read~29 min left
Validity, Soundness, and Fallacy
Work through the core logical concepts with examples.
“A deductive argument is valid if it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false. A deductive argument is sound if and only if it is both valid, and all of its premises are actually true. [...] Informal fallacies are so called because their errors lie not in their logical form. Instead, to appreciate what is wrong with them, we must look at the argument's content, whether the reasoning meets our criteria of relevant information and acceptable premises. [...] Strong inductive or abductive arguments with true premises are called cogent. The chief difference between deductive and inductive arguments is that while the former aim to guarantee the truth of the conclusion, the latter only aim to ensure the conclusion is more probable. — IEP 'Validity and Soundness'; Rebus Press 'Introduction to Philosophy: Logic, Chapters 2 and 4' (2020); Oklahoma State 'Logic and the Study of Arguments'”